Gastrointestinal Disorders in Pregnancy: Clinical Challenges and Management Approaches

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disorders are among the most common medical issues encountered during pregnancy, ranging from benign physiologic complaints (nausea, reflux, constipation) to life-threatening conditions (acute fatty liver of pregnancy, severe pancreatitis). Proper recognition of physiologic changes, accurate diagnosis to distinguish pregnancy-specific disorders from preexisting disease, and evidence-based management that balances maternal benefit with fetal safety are essential. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current management strategies for the major GI problems in pregnancy, highlighting practical clinical approaches and areas where evidence is evolving.